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Until the late 19th century, natural dyes were the only ones used in textiles. But with the discovery of synthetic aniline dyes during the Victorian era, natural dyeing techniques were largely lost by the mid-20th century. Fortunately, in the 1980s, a German scientist named Dr. Bohmer rediscovered the formulas for natural dyes and, with Turkish authorities, founded the DOBAG project to create rugs using these superior dyes.
Natural dyes come from traditional plant and mineral sources like indigo (blues), madder root (reds), pomegranate skin (yellows), and walnut husks (blacks). Green is achieved by overdyeing indigo-dyed wool with yellow.
Natural dyes have many advantages over synthetics. They produce more organic, variegated colors (abrash) for a pleasing handmade look. They're more colorfast, fading minimally in sunlight and developing a warm patina with age. They don't bleed when washed and are non-toxic, posing no risk to dyers or the environment.
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